What Does Liquidity Mean?
1. The degree to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the market without affecting the asset's price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level of trading activity. Assets that can by easily bought or sold, are known as liquid assets.
2. The ability to convert an asset to cash quickly. Also known as "marketability".
There is no specific liquidity formula, however liquidity is often calculated by using liquidity ratios.
Investopedia explains Liquidity
1. It is safer to invest in liquid assets than illiquid ones because it is easier for an investor to get his/her money out of the investment.
2. Examples of assets that are easily converted into cash include blue chip and money market securities.